To some extent, yes. But JPEG has only 8 bit color depth meaning that if you push it a bit too much in editing it falls appart pretty quickly. Banding in skies and other artefacts start to creep in before too long. Raw format offers much more...
Understand that every image sensor brand and model has slight differences, and there can even be differences between individual cameras with the same model sensors. Comparing SONY to Mavic or Canon or other brands will not always lead to similar...
I'll add that jpg images can easily be adjusted, too, often in your camera (smartphone apps) or on a computer. Things like altering the overall exposure, contrast, adjusting shadows and highlights, saturation, etc can help improve your pictures...
Jpeg is a lossy process designed to reduce file size. Part of the process (done in camera) is to compare pixels to surrounding areas and then balance the image accordingly. This smooths out the colors, but at the loss of detail, as @Johnmcl7...