Our lawmakers are a good part of the reason our manufacturing base in the USA has eroded into the shell of our capabilities we once had. They allowed our big corporations to offshore many processes for “cheaper labor” which was only partially the reason. The major issues were costs to maintain compliance with OSHA and EPA legislation.
When the major corporations sent work offshore thousands of smaller private manufacturing businesses were no longer needed to support that product and were essentially forced to close down.
I used to be part of that work force.
You have a VERY limited and skewed understanding of how and why much of America's manufacturing went offshore. I spent my career working in the semiconductor industry and I do know ... it was my business to know.
1. Lots of other countries (including China and much of Europe) have their own protectionist policies and if you don't contribute significant value added locally you don't sell there. Lots of companies in foreign countries have their own "buy locally" policies as well.
2. Supply chain logistics often dictate that you build offshore. If your source of supply is located on the other side of the world it's expensive to ship the materials to the U.S. only to ship the finished goods back across the ocean for sale.
3. This is a big one ... for decades manufacturing technology was looked upon as an uninteresting career field in the U.S. Go look up how many U.S. universities offer manufacturing specialties of any kind compared to the universities in China, Taiwan, Korea, and even Japan. When we tried to hire competent engineers to expand manufacturing capability we literally couldn't find them. We tried offering grants to universities to encourage them to set up appropriate studies, but without much success.
4. Do some research for yourself and find out where most of manufacturing research and development took place over the last several decades. It wasn't in the U.S. It was in places like Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Germany, Netherlands, and even the UK. The knowledge base grew elsewhere ... not here.
5. Lots of local jurisdictions are so full of bureaucracy that it is almost impossible to get approval for factory expansions. At one point we wanted to expand a wafer fab and we agreed up front to every single requirement (environmental, etc) but were told that the paperwork alone would take 18 months before we could even start. We ended up putting the fab offshore because we could do it in six months.
6. Labor cost is always a consideration, but today's modern manufacturing is heavily automated and the direct labor cost (the cost that is strictly a function of units being built) is rarely a sole deciding factor. The salaried costs and the depreciation on expensive equipment is a large equalizer.
7. Avoiding OSHA and EPA legislation was never a goal for true manufacturing companies ... not the ones that mattered. Maybe for really low end stuff that didn't belong here in the U.S. anyway, but even those soon ran afoul of the same considerations offshore. The companies that truly affect U.S. manufacturing competency had nothing to worry about from providing a safe environment for workers. The oil and chemical industries arguably had the most to lose from safety and anti-pollution regulations and they have done very well by staying in the U.S. The companies that drive manufacturing competitiveness are those that populate circuit boards, make ultra small components, make semiconductor wafers and the equipment needed to make semiconductor wafers, make drones, make fabrication equipment, etc. Those industries need tight process control and clean operations to survive ... they'd have their own OSHA equivalents even if the government didn't mandate them.
Much has been made about the government's efforts to bring manufacturing back to the U.S. via various grants and tax incentives. That will for sure have some impact as companies grab at the chance for easy money, but it won't be successful over the long haul unless most of the above points get fixed as well ... and most are going to take a LOT longer to get fixed than writing a check.