OK, I messed around - didn't go droning so I just tried all 3 modes, and basically got the same weird result you did - HD, according to DJI Go, uses less bandwidth than Normal mode.
I looked at the bandwidth and cached movies from each mode. Normal mode gives a 720p movie, and uses about 10Mbps. HD gives a 1080p movie, and uses much less bandwidth, 2 Mbps or so. Smooth mode seemed the same as Normal mode, and resulted in a 720p cached movie.
Smooth mode was designed for the
goggles and 720p won't cut it for very long.
The Mbps depended on the subject matter - pointing at dimly lit subjects used more bandwidth than well-lit, which is probably due to the higher noise level as the ISO is boosted. Lag was on the order of 250-500 ms, the same for all three modes.
My favorite theory right now is that DJI Go's bandwidth numbers are just wrong. DJI Go will tell you the pixel size of the cached videos, but not much else. I couldn't tell what the file size, fps, or bitrate of the captured videos was, IOS makes that kind of difficult. I might follow up with a similar test on android, where I can get direct access to the video files and use some standard tools to see if the bandwidth numbers match what DJI Go is showing.
Anyway, interesting problem you came up with, outcast.