VLOS is around 150 meters or so with a "big" drone like the
Mavic 3, less with a <250g.
As stated here, it's not just seeing the dot, is clearly seeing the drone, it's arms, it's attitude, orientation, etc instantly. VLOS is like you were flying a model airplane/copter, even if you look at the screen, you must instantly locate the drone in the sky when looking up again.
If you don't see its orientation, if you have to guess its location, if it takes some time for you or the observer to find it on the air, if it's only a dot in the distance, if there are obstructions between you and the drone, if there's fog, etc it's not VLOS.
The max distance I've achieved on a
Mavic 3 (not VLOS, just seeing the dot) was around 700m on daylight and around 3Km at night.
My personal long range trip record is 9.040 m, but I usually stay under a 3Km radius, and in general I only fly VLOS when I want to use the drone in situations like, for example, taking pics or video near people involved in a photoshoot or inspecting a roof for damage.
VLOS in Euorpe is limited to 500m not because you are expected to see a <900g drone attitude and orientation at that distance, but because the maximum weight you can fly in the open category is 25Kg and such a big drone could obviously be in VLOS at 500m.
So in to stay legal in Europe in areas where you know there's an Aeroscope listening, you just limit the drone to 500m and if anyone asks, you were always on unobstructed VLOS.
PS: The easiest way for you to learn what is VLOS is the following. Pick the RC-N1 and fly your drone without plugging in your phone (regular controls and RTH will still work, don't panic); that's VLOS.