I am impressed that you went through the paper in detail. Most folks eyes would have glossed over after a few paragraphs. Kudos to you.My point above is that GPS becomes unreliable; could be accuracy doesn't suffer much IF you can maintain a stable connection to the satellites - though I might argue a 16m RMS error isn't ignorable. The paper is clear and confirms my main point. During these events increased ionospheric noise is problematic and leads to higher levels of receiver phase lock error, thus they can play havoc: 56% loss of lock is not insignificant.
To quote the paper:
The intense storm the paper discusses was G2; the March 31 storm was G3, a result of multiple ejections.
You quoted a max number of 16m. Where did you see this, I must have missed it. The largest numbers I saw where in 1-2m.
it should be noted as well that the cycle slip errors are transitory, typically lasting fractions of a second although in some cases a few minutes.
I think it is also helpful to keep all of this in perspective so folks aren’t unnecessarily alarmed. These are statistical phenomena and on average will have minimal to no effect for most people. The worst case situations tend to occur at high latitudes where a smaller percentage of people live.