You’re right that states can’t regulate the airspace itself, that’s strictly under FAA authority. What Tennessee is doing here is leaning on its state privacy statute:
SURVEILLANCE BY UNMANNED AIRCRAFT (§39-13-903), which makes it unlawful to capture images with the
intent to conduct surveillance. One part of that law specifically applies to events with 100+ ticketed attendees, like the fair.
So, from the state’s perspective, police aren’t seizing drones because they’re simply “in the air.” They’re acting under the assumption that a drone over a crowded event might be attempting surveillance, which gives them grounds under the statute.
In the state of TN, the citizens have due process. If they are suspected of committing a crime, the state needs to have reasonable articulable suspicion that they are about to commit the crime of surveillance. Simply flying in a particular geographic location, or simply flying over a particular event, or simply flying a drone with a camera isn't enough to suspect someone is breaking the law such that you can seize their equipment and start an investigation. You need something more like "the drone was flying during a TFR" or" "the drone was flying in circles over a particular sensitive spot" or "a witness reported seeing the flyer hovering and staring at the screen"....something that would cause you to detain and investigate further to see if there is a crime. That's not happening here. Fly a drone, we confiscate it, you get arrested....is what's happening here. If your drone didn't have a camera you would still be prosecuted. Intent to surveil is a rouse. If you drive a Tesla near the state fair entrance, can they seize your Tesla because the cameras are recording or is this for drones only? Law enforcement can't take action based on an assumptions; are you suggesting if they discovered your drone was not recording or taking photos, they would let you go?
In TN and every other state in the country, you have the right to capture images especially in the public where there is no expectation of privacy and you have a right to be (in the NAS). Adding specifics like large events or the fact that people have purchased tickets is not a factor when it comes to airspace. It's a bad law.
Separately, FAA rules already prohibit flying over people without a waiver. That means both state law and federal regulations could come into play, LEOs can act under the TN law, and the FAA could still fine the operator.
State law cannot enforce FAA rules prohibit flying over people without a waiver. if a police officer saw a drone flying over a family at the fair grounds and they located the flyer, they cannot demand to see the FAA waiver or else arrest him for something like obstruction or interference or disorderly. If there is a TN law that proscribes fines for drone operators for flying over people without a waiver, we have a problem.
What keeps any entity from expanding any law for any other reason? What you’re raising is a slippery slope concern, that if the state enforces this statute at the fair, it could open the door for broader restrictions later. If the legislature ever tried to expand it beyond that, it would have to go through the normal lawmaking process and would likely face legal challenges, especially if it conflicted with FAA jurisdiction.
If we allow this law to stand, what's to stop the law from being amended to include legislators while they are in the course of their duties at city hall; no drone flights over city hall from May to December? My point is we accept this law, there will be no good reason why to reject the inevitable broader restrictions. As you mentioned, this law is about surveillance and physical aspects like crowd size. Someone picked 100, they could have easily picked 50, or even 2. How could you challenge that? This law is about intent to surveil, how is that even a thing? Do you need a part 107 to fly a drone with the intent to surveil?
There's no conflict with the FAA; the FAA only has safety and operations rules and regulations; and no criminal aspects. The state is all criminal so there's never going to be a conflict. This is a bad law and it needs to be repealed.
If you are flying your Drone near or at the state fair. You are interfering with emergency services and they will for sure arrest you for that. If an air ambulance was needed it would not take off with your Drone fluttering about! Get permission or Don't fly.
Just think if someone on a ride got a face full of a Drone that you lost sight of or control over.
if it's a problem, get a TFR. Get permission from whom?