How can I check if hub area is damaged?
Visually inspect it for damage.
So, remove the props and inspect it or inspect the actual arm housing etc?
I would even replace a chipped prop to be sure of it working same and the others, balance etc, and in case of unseen cracks / fractures.
Yes, remove props, check visually, including the little clips that turn into the motor fixing points.
I would also lightly flex each prop, twist a bit too, and the attachment clips just to see if any flex more than usual, or any very tight cracks open up.
The little clips would move significantly under a tiny bit of pressure if slightly cracked, they are probably the most fragile part of the prop.
As I leave my props on the MP all the time, I generally don't pre check them before each flight, certainly if I clip a little branch, or even a leaf or two I would !
It might be worth getting into the pre flight check habit with them, or at least once a month . . . though you have to be certain to refit them properly, there are threads of props being lost (usually at start up) when not correctly turned into the mounts points.
The other question.
If you never touch anything with a prop, keep it secure in a case where props are protected etc, how long in time should you simply replace a set of props ?
Plastics do fatigue I guess, and while the drone is flying they are exposed to UV light which breaks down that material.